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Check-in of hardware abstraction layer

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This commit is contained in:
Wolfgang Klenk 2017-04-12 20:02:13 +02:00
parent 459f1d3217
commit 69d2363b59
17 changed files with 863 additions and 88 deletions
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26
README.md
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@ -9,6 +9,21 @@ targeted to RPi and Dragino LoRA/GPS HAT.
The goal was to keep the LMIC 1.6 sourcecode untouched, and just provide a
Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) for Raspberry Pi and Dragino LoRa/GPS HAT.
## Installation
### WiringPi
To control the RPi's GPI ports, the WiringPi GPIO interface library has to
be installed. On some operating systems WiringPi is already installed per
default. For instructions on manual installation please refer to the
following site:
http://wiringpi.com/download-and-install/
### Enable SPI interface
Per default, the SPI ports on the Raspberry Pi are disabled. You need to
manually enable them using raspi-config.
Follow the instructions given here:
https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/spi/README.md
## Note on LMIC 1.6 license
Text copied from https://www.research.ibm.com/labs/zurich/ics/lrsc/lmic.html
@ -16,4 +31,15 @@ IBM "LoRa WAN in C" is the LoRa WAN implementation of choice, and a perfect
match to the IBM LRSC on the end device. It is provided as open source under
the BSD License.
## Example "hello"
Directory: /examples/hello
Modifications neccessary: None
This example does not use radio, it just periodically logs a counter value.
Can be used to checked if the timer implemenation on RPi works as expected.
cd examples/hello
make clean
make
sudo ./build/hello.out

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105
examples/projects.gmk
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@ -1,89 +1,25 @@
# SELECT TOOLCHAIN GNU/IAR/KEIL
TOOLCHAIN = keil
# EDIT CONFIGURATIONS BELOW TO REFLECT COMPILER INSTALL DIR AND CMSIS INCLUDE DIR
# IAR TOOLCHAIN
ifeq (${TOOLCHAIN}, iar)
IAR = C:/PROGRA~2/IARSYS~1/EMBEDD~1.5_2/arm
INC = ${IAR}/CMSIS/Include
CC = ${IAR}/bin/iccarm
AS = ${IAR}/bin/iasmarm
LN = ${IAR}/bin/ilinkarm
HEX = ${IAR}/bin/ielftool --ihex
BIN = ${IAR}/bin/ielftool --bin
CCOPTS = --cpu=Cortex-M3 --endian=little --diag_suppress Pa050,Pa089,Pe066
ASOPTS = --cpu Cortex-M3
LNOPTS = --semihosting --config ${IAR}/config/linker/ST/STM32L152xB.icf
endif
# KEIL TOOLCHAIN
ifeq (${TOOLCHAIN}, keil)
KEIL = C:/Keil_v5
INC = ${KEIL}/ARM/Pack/ARM/CMSIS/4.1.0/CMSIS/Include
CC = ${KEIL}/ARM/ARMCC/bin/armcc.exe
AS = ${KEIL}/ARM/ARMCC/bin/armasm.exe
LN = ${KEIL}/ARM/ARMCC/bin/armlink.exe
HEX = ${KEIL}/ARM/ARMCC/bin/fromelf.exe --i32
BIN = ${KEIL}/ARM/ARMCC/bin/fromelf.exe --bin
CCOPTS = --cpu=Cortex-M3 -c --c99 -D__MICROLIB --apcs=interwork --split_sections
ASOPTS = --cpu Cortex-M3 --pd "__MICROLIB SETA 1"
LNOPTS = --library_type=microlib --ro-base 0x08000000 --entry 0x08000000 --rw-base 0x20000000 --entry Reset_Handler --first __Vectors --strict --summary_stderr --info summarysizes
HEXOPTS = --output
endif
# GNU TOOLCHAIN
ifeq (${TOOLCHAIN}, gnu)
GNU = /opt/arm-gnu-toolchain-4.9.3.475/arm-none-eabi
CC = ${GNU}/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc
AS = ${GNU}/bin/arm-none-eabi-as
LN = ${GNU}/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc
HEX = ${GNU}/bin/arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O ihex
BIN = ${GNU}/bin/arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O binary
# OpenOCD
OPENOCD := /opt/openocd-0.9.0/bin/openocd
CMSIS_INC = ../../stm32/CMSIS/Include
define CMSIS_MSG
ERROR: CMSIS Library missing: $(CMSIS_INC)
## CMSIS: Cortex Microcontroller Software Interface Standard
## CMSIS Library can be obtained from the STM32L1xx standard peripherals library
## Download URL: www.st.com/web/catalog/tools/FM147/CL1794/SC961/SS1743/PF257913
endef
ifeq (,$(wildcard $(CMSIS_INC)))
$(error $(CMSIS_MSG))
endif
LINKER_SCRIPT = ../../stm32/STM32L152VB_FLASH.ld
define LNK_SCRIPT_MSG
ERROR: Linker Script missing: $(LINKER_SCRIPT)
## Linker Script can be obtained from the STM32L1xx standard peripherals library
## Download URL: www.st.com/web/catalog/tools/FM147/CL1794/SC961/SS1743/PF257913
endef
ifeq (,$(wildcard $(LINKER_SCRIPT)))
$(error $(LNK_SCRIPT_MSG))
endif
INC = $(CMSIS_INC)
CPU = -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb
CCOPTS = $(CPU) -c -std=gnu99
CCOPTS += -fno-common -fmessage-length=0 -fno-builtin -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fomit-frame-pointer -MMD -MP
ASOPTS = $(CPU)
LNOPTS = $(CPU) -Wl,--gc-sections -T$(LINKER_SCRIPT)
endif
#
# 2017-04-12 Wolfgang Klenk
#
# Adapted for use on Raspberry Pi and Dragino LoRa/GPS HAT
# working in EU868 MHz Band
# LMIC CONFIG
LMICCFG += -DSTM32L1XX_MD -DCFG_DEBUG -DCFG_eu868 -DCFG_wimod_board -DCFG_sx1272_radio -DCFG_lmic_clib
LMICCFG += -DCFG_DEBUG -DCFG_eu868 -DCFG_sx1276_radio -DDEBUG_LMIC -DDEBUG_HAL
CCOPTS = -c -std=gnu99
LNOPTS = -lwiringPi
INC = .
CC = gcc
LN = gcc
LMICDIR = ../../lmic
HALDIR = ../../stm32
HALDIR = ../../lora_gps_hat
TOOLSDIR = ../../tools
BUILDDIR = build
# RULES
SRCS = $(notdir $(wildcard ${LMICDIR}/*.c ${HALDIR}/*.c ${HALDIR}/*_${TOOLCHAIN}.s *.c))
OBJS = $(patsubst %, ${BUILDDIR}/%.o, $(basename ${SRCS}))
@ -99,20 +35,13 @@ ${BUILDDIR}/%.o: %.s | ${BUILDDIR}
${BUILDDIR}/%.out: ${OBJS}
${LN} ${LNOPTS} -o $@ $^
${BUILDDIR}/%.hex: ${BUILDDIR}/%.out
${HEX} $< ${HEXOPTS} $@
${BUILDDIR}/%.bin: ${BUILDDIR}/%.out
${BIN} $< ${HEXOPTS} $@
all: ${BUILDDIR}/$(notdir ${CURDIR}).bin ${BUILDDIR}/$(notdir ${CURDIR}).hex
#all: ${BUILDDIR}/$(notdir ${CURDIR}).out ${BUILDDIR}/$(notdir ${CURDIR}).bin ${BUILDDIR}/$(notdir ${CURDIR}).hex
all: ${BUILDDIR}/$(notdir ${CURDIR}).out
clean:
rm -rf ${BUILDDIR} Debug RTE settings *.dep *.bak *.sfr *.map *.uvguix.*
load: ${BUILDDIR}/$(notdir ${CURDIR}).bin
$(OPENOCD) -f $(TOOLSDIR)/openocd/wimod.cfg -f $(TOOLSDIR)/openocd/flash.cfg -c "flash_binary $<"
${BUILDDIR}:
mkdir $@

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examples/projects.gmk.lmic_1.6_original Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
# SELECT TOOLCHAIN GNU/IAR/KEIL
TOOLCHAIN = keil
# EDIT CONFIGURATIONS BELOW TO REFLECT COMPILER INSTALL DIR AND CMSIS INCLUDE DIR
# IAR TOOLCHAIN
ifeq (${TOOLCHAIN}, iar)
IAR = C:/PROGRA~2/IARSYS~1/EMBEDD~1.5_2/arm
INC = ${IAR}/CMSIS/Include
CC = ${IAR}/bin/iccarm
AS = ${IAR}/bin/iasmarm
LN = ${IAR}/bin/ilinkarm
HEX = ${IAR}/bin/ielftool --ihex
BIN = ${IAR}/bin/ielftool --bin
CCOPTS = --cpu=Cortex-M3 --endian=little --diag_suppress Pa050,Pa089,Pe066
ASOPTS = --cpu Cortex-M3
LNOPTS = --semihosting --config ${IAR}/config/linker/ST/STM32L152xB.icf
endif
# KEIL TOOLCHAIN
ifeq (${TOOLCHAIN}, keil)
KEIL = C:/Keil_v5
INC = ${KEIL}/ARM/Pack/ARM/CMSIS/4.1.0/CMSIS/Include
CC = ${KEIL}/ARM/ARMCC/bin/armcc.exe
AS = ${KEIL}/ARM/ARMCC/bin/armasm.exe
LN = ${KEIL}/ARM/ARMCC/bin/armlink.exe
HEX = ${KEIL}/ARM/ARMCC/bin/fromelf.exe --i32
BIN = ${KEIL}/ARM/ARMCC/bin/fromelf.exe --bin
CCOPTS = --cpu=Cortex-M3 -c --c99 -D__MICROLIB --apcs=interwork --split_sections
ASOPTS = --cpu Cortex-M3 --pd "__MICROLIB SETA 1"
LNOPTS = --library_type=microlib --ro-base 0x08000000 --entry 0x08000000 --rw-base 0x20000000 --entry Reset_Handler --first __Vectors --strict --summary_stderr --info summarysizes
HEXOPTS = --output
endif
# GNU TOOLCHAIN
ifeq (${TOOLCHAIN}, gnu)
GNU = /opt/arm-gnu-toolchain-4.9.3.475/arm-none-eabi
CC = ${GNU}/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc
AS = ${GNU}/bin/arm-none-eabi-as
LN = ${GNU}/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc
HEX = ${GNU}/bin/arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O ihex
BIN = ${GNU}/bin/arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O binary
# OpenOCD
OPENOCD := /opt/openocd-0.9.0/bin/openocd
CMSIS_INC = ../../stm32/CMSIS/Include
define CMSIS_MSG
ERROR: CMSIS Library missing: $(CMSIS_INC)
## CMSIS: Cortex Microcontroller Software Interface Standard
## CMSIS Library can be obtained from the STM32L1xx standard peripherals library
## Download URL: www.st.com/web/catalog/tools/FM147/CL1794/SC961/SS1743/PF257913
endef
ifeq (,$(wildcard $(CMSIS_INC)))
$(error $(CMSIS_MSG))
endif
LINKER_SCRIPT = ../../stm32/STM32L152VB_FLASH.ld
define LNK_SCRIPT_MSG
ERROR: Linker Script missing: $(LINKER_SCRIPT)
## Linker Script can be obtained from the STM32L1xx standard peripherals library
## Download URL: www.st.com/web/catalog/tools/FM147/CL1794/SC961/SS1743/PF257913
endef
ifeq (,$(wildcard $(LINKER_SCRIPT)))
$(error $(LNK_SCRIPT_MSG))
endif
INC = $(CMSIS_INC)
CPU = -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb
CCOPTS = $(CPU) -c -std=gnu99
CCOPTS += -fno-common -fmessage-length=0 -fno-builtin -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fomit-frame-pointer -MMD -MP
ASOPTS = $(CPU)
LNOPTS = $(CPU) -Wl,--gc-sections -T$(LINKER_SCRIPT)
endif
# LMIC CONFIG
LMICCFG += -DSTM32L1XX_MD -DCFG_DEBUG -DCFG_eu868 -DCFG_wimod_board -DCFG_sx1272_radio -DCFG_lmic_clib
LMICDIR = ../../lmic
HALDIR = ../../stm32
TOOLSDIR = ../../tools
BUILDDIR = build
# RULES
SRCS = $(notdir $(wildcard ${LMICDIR}/*.c ${HALDIR}/*.c ${HALDIR}/*_${TOOLCHAIN}.s *.c))
OBJS = $(patsubst %, ${BUILDDIR}/%.o, $(basename ${SRCS}))
VPATH = ${LMICDIR} ${HALDIR} .
${BUILDDIR}/%.o: %.c | ${BUILDDIR}
${CC} ${CCOPTS} ${LMICCFG} -I${INC} -I${LMICDIR} -I${HALDIR} $< -o$@
${BUILDDIR}/%.o: %.s | ${BUILDDIR}
${AS} ${ASOPTS} -I${INC} $< -o $@
${BUILDDIR}/%.out: ${OBJS}
${LN} ${LNOPTS} -o $@ $^
${BUILDDIR}/%.hex: ${BUILDDIR}/%.out
${HEX} $< ${HEXOPTS} $@
${BUILDDIR}/%.bin: ${BUILDDIR}/%.out
${BIN} $< ${HEXOPTS} $@
all: ${BUILDDIR}/$(notdir ${CURDIR}).bin ${BUILDDIR}/$(notdir ${CURDIR}).hex
clean:
rm -rf ${BUILDDIR} Debug RTE settings *.dep *.bak *.sfr *.map *.uvguix.*
load: ${BUILDDIR}/$(notdir ${CURDIR}).bin
$(OPENOCD) -f $(TOOLSDIR)/openocd/wimod.cfg -f $(TOOLSDIR)/openocd/flash.cfg -c "flash_binary $<"
${BUILDDIR}:
mkdir $@
.PHONY: all clean
.SECONDARY:

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lora_gps_hat/debug.c Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
//
// BSD 3-Clause License
//
// Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) targeted to Raspberry Pi and
// Dragino LoRa/GPS HAT
//
// Copyright (c) 2017, Wolfgang Klenk
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
// list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
// and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//
// * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
// AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
// DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
// FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
// DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
// SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
// CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
// OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "lmic.h"
#include "debug.h"
void debug_init () {
fprintf(stdout, "%09d Debug: Initializing\n", osticks2ms(hal_ticks()));
}
void debug_str (const char* str) {
fprintf(stdout, "%09d Debug: %s\n", osticks2ms(hal_ticks()), str);
}
void debug_val (const char* label, u4_t val) {
fprintf(stdout, "%09d Debug: Label '%s' value 0x%x\n", osticks2ms(hal_ticks()), label, val);
}
void debug_led (int val) {
// fprintf(stdout, "Debug: Set LED to 0x%02x\n", val);
}
void debug_event (int ev) {
static const char* evnames[] = {
[EV_SCAN_TIMEOUT] = "SCAN_TIMEOUT",
[EV_BEACON_FOUND] = "BEACON_FOUND",
[EV_BEACON_MISSED] = "BEACON_MISSED",
[EV_BEACON_TRACKED] = "BEACON_TRACKED",
[EV_JOINING] = "JOINING",
[EV_JOINED] = "JOINED",
[EV_RFU1] = "RFU1",
[EV_JOIN_FAILED] = "JOIN_FAILED",
[EV_REJOIN_FAILED] = "REJOIN_FAILED",
[EV_TXCOMPLETE] = "TXCOMPLETE",
[EV_LOST_TSYNC] = "LOST_TSYNC",
[EV_RESET] = "RESET",
[EV_RXCOMPLETE] = "RXCOMPLETE",
[EV_LINK_DEAD] = "LINK_DEAD",
[EV_LINK_ALIVE] = "LINK_ALIVE",
[EV_SCAN_FOUND] = "SCAN_FOUND",
[EV_TXSTART] = "EV_TXSTART",
};
debug_str((ev < sizeof(evnames)/sizeof(evnames[0])) ? evnames[ev] : "EV_UNKNOWN" );
}
void debug_buf (const u1_t* buf, int len) {
fprintf(stdout, "%09d Debug: Buffer received. length=%d\n", osticks2ms(hal_ticks()), len);
}

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/*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2016 IBM Corporation.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* * Neither the name of the <organization> nor the
* names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
* derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
* DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
* ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
// intialize debug library
void debug_init (void);
// set LED state
void debug_led (int val);
// write character to USART
void debug_char (char c);
// write byte as two hex digits to USART
void debug_hex (u1_t b);
// write buffer as hex dump to USART
void debug_buf (const u1_t* buf, int len);
// write 32-bit integer as eight hex digits to USART
void debug_uint (u4_t v);
// write 32-bit integer as signed decimal digits to USART
void debug_int (s4_t v);
// write nul-terminated string to USART
void debug_str (const char* str);
// write LMiC event name to USART
void debug_event (int ev);
// write label and 32-bit value as hex to USART
void debug_val (const char* label, u4_t val);
// write label and 32-bit value as signed decimal to USART
void debug_valdec (const char* label, s4_t val);
// convert integer 'val' to ASCII string (bin/oct/dec/hex/base36)
// store string at 'buf', return number of characters written
int debug_fmt (char* buf, int max, s4_t val, int base, int width, char pad);

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lora_gps_hat/gpio.c Normal file
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//
// BSD 3-Clause License
//
// Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) targeted to Raspberry Pi and
// Dragino LoRa/GPS HAT
//
// Copyright (c) 2017, Wolfgang Klenk
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
// list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
// and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//
// * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
// AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
// DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
// FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
// DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
// SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
// CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
// OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include "gpio.h"
/**
* Ask the kernel to export control of a GPIO to userspace by writing its number to file
* /sys/class/gpio/export.
*/
void gpioExportPin(int pin) {
static const char* fn = "/sys/class/gpio/export";
int fd = open(fn, O_WRONLY);
if(fd < 0) {
perror(fn);
exit(1);
}
char str_pin[16];
snprintf(str_pin, 16, "%d", pin);
size_t rc = write(fd, str_pin, strlen(str_pin));
if(rc != strlen(str_pin)) {
perror("exportPin");
exit(1);
}
close(fd);
}
/**
* Reverses the effect of exporting a GPIO to userspace by writing its number to file
* /sys/class/gpio/unexport.
*/
void gpioUnexportPin(int pin) {
static const char* fn = "/sys/class/gpio/unexport";
int fd = open(fn, O_WRONLY);
if(fd < 0) {
perror(fn);
exit(1);
}
char str_pin[16];
snprintf(str_pin, 16, "%d", pin);
size_t rc = write(fd, str_pin, strlen(str_pin));
if(rc != strlen(str_pin)) {
// perror("gpioUnexportPin");
// exit(1);
}
close(fd);
}
/**
* Sets the direction of a GPIO pin.
* Reads as either "in" or "out". This value may normally be written.
* Writing as "out" defaults to initializing the value as low.
* To ensure glitch free operation, values "low" and "high" may be written to
* configure the GPIO as an output with that initial value.
*/
void gpioSetPinDirection(int pin, const char* direction) {
const int BUFSIZE = 64;
char fn[BUFSIZE];
snprintf(fn, BUFSIZE, "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/direction", pin);
int fd = open(fn, O_WRONLY);
if(fd < 0) {
perror(fn);
exit(1);
}
size_t rc = write(fd, direction, strlen(direction));
if(rc != strlen(direction)) {
perror("gpioSetPinDirection");
exit(1);
}
close(fd);
}
/**
* Sets the signal edge(s) that will make poll(2) on the "value" file return.
* Reads as either "none", "rising", "falling", or "both".
* This file exists only if the pin can be configured as an interrupt generating input pin.
*/
void gpioSetPinEdge(int pin, void* edge) {
const int BUFSIZE = 64;
char fn[BUFSIZE];
snprintf(fn, BUFSIZE, "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/edge", pin);
int fd = open(fn, O_WRONLY);
if(fd < 0) {
perror(fn);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
size_t rc = write(fd, edge, strlen(edge));
if(rc != strlen(edge)) {
perror("setPinEdge");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
close(fd);
}
int gpioWaitForInterrupt(const int *pins, size_t npins, int timeout_ms) {
struct pollfd pl[npins];
const int BUFSIZE = 64;
char fn[BUFSIZE];
for (int i=0 ; i<npins ; i++) {
snprintf(fn, BUFSIZE, "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/value", pins[i]);
int fd = open(fn, O_RDONLY);
if(fd < 0) {
perror(fn);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// Clear the interrupt by reading
char c;
int rc = read(fd, &c, 1);
if (rc < 0) {
perror("Clear interrupt.");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
pl[i].fd = fd;
pl[i].events = POLLPRI | POLLERR;
}
int rc = poll(pl, npins, timeout_ms);
if(rc < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "HAL: Cannot poll: %s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// Timeout
if (rc == 0) {
for (int i=0 ; i<npins ; i++) {
close(pl[i].fd);
}
return 0;
}
rc = 0;
for (int i=0 ; i<npins ; i++) {
close(pl[i].fd);
if (pl[i].revents > 0) {
rc |= (1<<i);
}
}
return rc;
}

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//
// BSD 3-Clause License
//
// Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) targeted to Raspberry Pi and
// Dragino LoRa/GPS HAT
//
// Copyright (c) 2017, Wolfgang Klenk
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
// list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
// and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//
// * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
// AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
// DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
// FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
// DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
// SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
// CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
// OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
#ifndef GPIO_H
#define GPIO_H
//
// Implement some functionalities that WiringPi does not provide.
//
// Enables us to use OS call "poll" to _blocking_ check if there
// was a transition on of several input pins.
//
static char *GPIO_DIRECTION_IN = "in";
static char *GPIO_DIRECTION_OUT = "out";
static char *GPIO_DIRECTION_OUT_HIGH = "high";
static char *GPIO_DIRECTION_OUT_LOW = "low";
static void* GPIO_EDGE_NONE = "none";
static void* GPIO_EDGE_RISING = "rising";
static void* GPIO_EDGE_FALLING = "falling";
static void* GPIO_EDGE_BOTH = "both";
void gpioExportPin(int pin);
void gpioUnexportPin(int pin);
void gpioSetPinDirection(int pin, const char *direction);
void gpioSetPinEdge(int pin, void* edge);
int gpioWaitForInterrupt(const int *pins, size_t npins, int timeout_ms);
#endif

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//
// BSD 3-Clause License
//
// Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) targeted to Raspberry Pi and
// Dragino LoRa/GPS HAT
//
// Copyright (c) 2017, Wolfgang Klenk
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
// list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
// and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//
// * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
// AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
// DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
// FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
// DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
// SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
// CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
// OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <wiringPi.h>
#include <wiringPiSPI.h>
#include "lmic.h"
#include "gpio.h"
// Note: WiringPi Pin Numbering Schema
const int WIRING_PI_PIN_NSS = 6;
const int WIRING_PI_PIN_RST = 0;
const int WIRING_PI_PIN_DIO[3] = { 7, 4, 5 };
// Note: BCM Pin Numbering Schema
const int BCM_PIN_DIO[3] = { 4, 23, 24 };
// Local function prototypes
void hal_time_init();
void timespec_diff(struct timespec *start, struct timespec *stop, struct timespec *result);
// Used to store the current time
static struct timespec ts_start;
static s4_t sleep_interval_ms = 0;
void hal_init () {
hal_time_init();
#ifdef DEBUG_HAL
fprintf(stdout, "%09d HAL: Initializing ...\n", osticks2ms(hal_ticks()));
#endif
wiringPiSetup();
// Pin Direction
pinMode(WIRING_PI_PIN_NSS, OUTPUT);
pinMode(WIRING_PI_PIN_RST, INPUT);
// WiringPi is missing a feature to _blocking_ wait for pins change
// their values using the OS system call "poll". For this reason, we
// needed to implement it on our own.
for (int i=0 ; i<3 ; i++) {
gpioUnexportPin(BCM_PIN_DIO[i]);
}
for (int i=0 ; i<3 ; i++) {
gpioExportPin(BCM_PIN_DIO[i]);
gpioSetPinDirection(BCM_PIN_DIO[i], GPIO_DIRECTION_IN);
gpioSetPinEdge(BCM_PIN_DIO[i], GPIO_EDGE_RISING);
}
int rc = wiringPiSPISetup(0, 10000000);
if (rc < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "HAL: Initialization of SPI failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
hal_failed();
}
}
void hal_failed () {
fprintf(stderr, "%09d HAL: Failed. Aborting.\n", osticks2ms(hal_ticks()));
for (int i=0 ; i<3 ; i++) {
gpioUnexportPin(BCM_PIN_DIO[i]);
}
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// set radio NSS pin to given value
void hal_pin_nss (u1_t val) {
digitalWrite(WIRING_PI_PIN_NSS, val==0 ? LOW : HIGH);
}
// switch between radio RX/TX
void hal_pin_rxtx (u1_t val) {
#ifdef DEBUG_HAL
val > 0 ? fprintf(stdout, "%09d HAL: Sending ...\n", osticks2ms(hal_ticks()), val) : fprintf(stdout, "%09d HAL: Receiving ...\n", osticks2ms(hal_ticks()), val);
#endif
// Nothing to do. There is no such pin in the Lora/GPS HAT module.
}
// set radio RST pin to given value (or keep floating!)
void hal_pin_rst (u1_t val) {
#ifdef DEBUG_HAL
fprintf(stdout, "%09d HAL: Set radio RST pin to 0x%02x\n", osticks2ms(hal_ticks()), val);
#endif
if(val == 0 || val == 1) { // drive pin
pinMode(WIRING_PI_PIN_RST, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(WIRING_PI_PIN_RST, val==0 ? LOW : HIGH);
} else { // keep pin floating
pinMode(WIRING_PI_PIN_RST, INPUT);
}
}
// perform 8-bit SPI transaction.
// write given byte outval to radio, read byte from radio and return value.
u1_t hal_spi (u1_t out) {
static u1_t isAddress = 0x01;
static u1_t address = 0x00;
u1_t value = out;
if (isAddress) {
address = out;
}
u1_t rc = wiringPiSPIDataRW(0, &out, 1);
if (rc < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "HAL: Cannot send data on SPI: %s\n", strerror(errno));
hal_failed();
}
/*
if (!isAddress && (address != 0x2c)) {
if (address & 0x80) {
fprintf(stdout, "%09d HAL: SPI write to address 0x%02x value 0x%02x\n", osticks2ms(hal_ticks()), address & 0x7F, value);
fprintf(stdout, " writeReg(0x%02x, 0x%02x);\n", address & 0x7F, value);
} else {
fprintf(stdout, "%09d HAL: SPI read from address 0x%02x value 0x%02x\n", osticks2ms(hal_ticks()), address, out);
}
}
*/
isAddress = !isAddress;
return out;
}
void hal_disableIRQs () {
}
void hal_enableIRQs () {
}
// store current timer value of the system.
void hal_time_init() {
int rc = clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW, &ts_start);
if (rc < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "HAL: Cannot initialize timer: %s\n", strerror(errno));
hal_failed();
}
}
// return 32 bit system time in ticks.
// OSTICKS_PER_SEC has to be defined, else the default 32768 is used.
// OSTICKS_PER_SEC must be in range [10000:64516]. One tick must be 15.5us .. 100us long.
u4_t hal_ticks () {
struct timespec ts;
int rc = clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW, &ts);
if (rc < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "HAL: Cannot get current time: %s\n", strerror(errno));
hal_failed();
}
struct timespec ts_diff;
timespec_diff(&ts_start, &ts, &ts_diff);
ostime_t ticks_sec = sec2osticks(ts_diff.tv_sec);
ostime_t ticks_nsec = us2osticks(ts_diff.tv_nsec / 1000);
u4_t ticks = ticks_sec + ticks_nsec;
return ticks;
}
// busy wait until timestamp (in ticks) is reached
void hal_waitUntil (u4_t target_ticks) {
#ifdef DEBUG_HAL
fprintf(stdout, "%09d HAL: Wait until %09d ms\n", osticks2ms(hal_ticks()), osticks2ms(target_ticks));
#endif
// TODO: Deal with tick counter overflow
u4_t current_ticks = hal_ticks();
s4_t diff_ticks = target_ticks - current_ticks;
if (diff_ticks > 0) {
s4_t diff_us = osticks2us(diff_ticks);
usleep(diff_us);
}
}
void timespec_diff(struct timespec *start, struct timespec *stop, struct timespec *result)
{
if ((stop->tv_nsec - start->tv_nsec) < 0) {
result->tv_sec = stop->tv_sec - start->tv_sec - 1;
result->tv_nsec = stop->tv_nsec - start->tv_nsec + 1000000000;
} else {
result->tv_sec = stop->tv_sec - start->tv_sec;
result->tv_nsec = stop->tv_nsec - start->tv_nsec;
}
}
// Used for scheduled jobs:
// If target time is reached, then 1 is returned and the scheduled job is executed.
// If 0 is returned, then control goes back into the LMIC main loop.
u1_t hal_checkTimer (u4_t target_ticks) {
u4_t current_ticks = hal_ticks();
s4_t diff_ticks = target_ticks - current_ticks;
s4_t diff_ms = osticks2ms(diff_ticks);
if (diff_ticks <= 0) { // Reached target ticks
return 1; // Execute scheduled job
} else if (diff_ms < 21) {
// We have not reached the target ticks, but we also don't
// want to execute the scheduled job now. By returning 0 the code
// will continue looping in the LMIC main loop.
sleep_interval_ms = 0;
return 0;
} else {
sleep_interval_ms = diff_ms - 20;
assert(sleep_interval_ms > 0);
// Use (diff_ms - 20) as timeout, to reduce the risk that the linux OS
// causes the timeout longer as desired.
// Let the code actively loop in the LMIC main loop until the final target time is reached.
return 0; // Will cause a "sleep" in the LMIC main loop
}
}
void hal_sleep () {
if (sleep_interval_ms > 0) {
int rc = gpioWaitForInterrupt(BCM_PIN_DIO, 3, sleep_interval_ms);
if(rc < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "HAL: Cannot poll: %s\n", strerror(errno));
hal_failed();
}
sleep_interval_ms = 0;
if (rc > 0) {
if (rc & 0x01) radio_irq_handler(0);
if (rc & 0x02) radio_irq_handler(1);
if (rc & 0x04) radio_irq_handler(2);
}
} else {
// We need to check if one of the DIO ports where set to HIGH
// to signal an interrupt condition.
for (int i=0 ; i<3 ; i++) {
if (HIGH == digitalRead(WIRING_PI_PIN_DIO[i])) {
radio_irq_handler(i);
}
}
}
}